Gender Discrimination And The Workplace Essay - 1242 Words

Introduction Women in the workforce are making their presence known. Women are usually paid less than their male peers and they aren’t promoted as fast as their male peers. Progress has been make towards gender workplace equality but gender workplace discrimination continues to be an impediment to gender equality. For the purpose of research on gender workplace discrimination, I used four journal articles. The first article, Minimizing Workplace Gender and Racial Bias, by author William T. Bielby, discusses stereotyping in the workplace. The article offers suggestions on how organizations should review their policy and procedures to minimize bias in the workplace. This article only talked about minimizing workplace discrimination but fail to provide evidence of how much discrimination is happening. The second article, Gender Discrimination at Work: Connecting Gender Stereotypes Institutional Polices, and Gender Composition of Workplace, by author Donna Bobbitt-Zeher used 219 discrimination narratives from sex discrimination cases that were presented to the Ohio Civil Rights Commission. Bobbitt-Zeher analyzed the cases and revealed that â€Å"gender stereotyping combines in predictable ways with sex composition of workplaces and organizational policies, often through interactional dynamics of discretional policy usage, to result in discrimination†. (Bobbitt-Zeher, 2011) For each woman, Bobbitt-Zeher created a discrimination narrative and history of discriminationShow MoreRelatedGender Discrimination At The Workplace962 Words   |  4 Pages Gender Discrimination in the Workplace Santisha Fleming Human Resource Management Dr.Juluis Demps –Management 360 Jacksonville University April, 1, 2015â€Æ' American women can vote, hold office, and they can work in a public work environment. They are considered have an equal opportunity when compared to men. What is the true definition of equal employment opportunity? Does this mean that women and men are offered the same opportunities in the workplace? As well treated equally in regardsRead MoreGender Discrimination At The Workplace1165 Words   |  5 PagesGender discrimination in the workplace is a recurring issue in businesses today. Employees are given the right by their employers to be protected from discrimination and inequality in the workplace. In just about every business setting today, men and women work together in the same fields, jobs, and projects. However, it has only been up until (relatively) recently that men and women have been in competition for the same jobs. With the predetermined assumptions of the different roles between bothRead MoreGender Discrimination in the Workplace765 Words   |  4 Pages Gende r discrimination can cover a wide variety of social prejudice. Throughout much of world history, even American history women have been treated as second class citizens. In the United States women have had to fight for rights such as the right to vote, or own land. These are just a few examples of the many injustices that women have had to face. Men have held the position of leadership, and power throughout history when it comes to almost everything. Men would even decide to whom a womenRead MoreGender Discrimination At The Workplace866 Words   |  4 PagesGender Discrimination in the Workplace Many people associate certain occupations with a certain gender, like women with nurses and teachers, and men with lawyers and truck drivers. If those genders and occupations switched, the majority would deem it unethical. Occupations should not be linked with specific genders; whereas, they should be accessible to both genders. In certain occupations, people are treated differently because of their gender and labeled with different stereotypes. There shouldRead MoreGender Discrimination And The Workplace1356 Words   |  6 Pages2.1 Introduction For many decades now it has been said that there has been inequality in the workplace, it has been a major issue in the workplace in terms of women not being allowed to have certain jobs as well as in terms of women not being promoted within the workplace which all contributes to women being paid less than men. According to Ryan and Branscombe (2013), gender discrimination has been defined as the differential treatment members of one group receive compared to another by many socialRead MoreGender Discrimination In The Workplace1867 Words   |  8 PagesDiscrimination in the workplace, specifically gender discrimination is a significant matter, impacting women all over the world. Defined by the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention No. 11, discrimination is ‘Any distinction, exclusion or preference made on the basis of race, colour, sex, religion, political opinion, national extraction or social origin, which has the effect of nullifying or impairing equality of op portunity or treatment in employment or occupation.’. As stated by GillianRead MoreGender Discrimination At The Workplace1749 Words   |  7 PagesMatthew Anders Prof. Bross College Writing November 14, 2014 Gender Discrimination in The Workplace In recent years, the issue of gender equality in the workplace and equal pay has been under serious debate. Although there has been significant improvement since when women were first able to work and equal opportunity laws were created, there is still some room for more improvement. The federal government has made laws over the years such as The Civil Rights act, Equal Pay Act and Family andRead MoreGender Discrimination And The Workplace2876 Words   |  12 Pageshave reached maturity, and that stereotyping and discrimination cease to exist. But it is from my own personal experience that I have found this is in fact, not the case, and that harassment in the workplace is a very real issue. Primarily, I am researching the way media portrays gender-biases in the workplace, and why they are relevant. Additionally, I am looking at which occupations might lead to higher levels of emotional stress related to gender inequality for women, and to what historical eventsRead MoreGender Dis crimination And The Workplace Essay1811 Words   |  8 PagesStereotypical gender norms have had a negative impact on what our society perceives as normal tasks for female accountants. More often than not, male accountants are given more demanding tasks in comparison to their female coworkers who are equally qualified but handed less strenuous tasks. Currently, there seems to be a gap in the ratio of women to men in positions of authority. This can be a variety of reasons, one being social norms of what is expected of women in the workforce. Women are frequentlyRead MoreGender Discrimination And The Workplace1835 Words   |  8 PagesGender Discrimination There are many things that a potential employee has to worry about when considering taking a position within a company. Things like the amount of pay they need, the benefits that will be offered to them, the values and morals of the company and whether or not those values and morals align with their own, and if they could see themselves growing within this company throughout the years because no one wants to work a dead end job for the rest of their life. However, along with

Cyberbullying Controversy Cyberbullying And Bullying

Cyberbullying Controversy Anyone can be caught in a bullying situation either as a bully, a victim or a bystander. Since the internet is widely used by anyone from all different age groups and is used publicly or privately, it is hard to know a person s real identity. There are many instances where the bully is hiding his or her identity and one cannot see who is the predator. As for the victims, many had publicly written down some suicidal thoughts online or described how their life is complicated online or offline. For instance, a young girl claimed to be the richest girl on the app and was commanding people to be her peasant. She was harassing the other players with rude comments. The reason she chose to resent everyone was because she was once bullied before. Based on the studies on cyberbullying, the evidence strongly suggests that our mental health plays a part on how people bully others. This topic is important to me because there have been many cases where I see people hurting others online. In my research, I found that there are are two types of bullying: traditional bullying and cyberbullying. Traditional bullying is an aggressive behavior or intentional violence by one person or a group of people that can be carried out repeatedly and over a period of time that involves power over others (Patchin and Hinduja 148). In the article, â€Å"Cyberbullying Among Adolescents: The Role of Affective and Cognitive Empathy and Gender†, Rebecca P. Ang defined cyberbullying as,Show MoreRelatedCyberbullying has sadly become an everyday thing for many teens all across the world. Just1100 Words   |  5 PagesCyberbullying has sadly become an everyday thing for many teens all across the world. Just recently, a cyberbullying incident involving three girls resulted in one girl commiting suicide. The victim, Rebecca, started dating a boy back in 2012. Another girl did not like this so she began to harass and bully her telling her that she should â€Å"drink bleach and die† (Newcomb). The bullying did not stop there, it only escalated from online verbal harassment to physical confrontations at school. On top ofRead MorePersuasive Essay On Cyber Bullying1453 Words   |  6 PagesTake a Stand Against Cyber-bullying Imagine someone you love and care about is being bullied and no one took a stand in defending or uplifting them. This horrific form of bullying takes place all around the nation through the use of cellphones, computers, and social media, that generates fear and doubt among individuals that do not have the confidence to speak up for themselves. School officials should take a stand for kids who are victims of cyber-bullying and for those who are too frightened toRead MoreCyberbullying And Its Effects On Society899 Words   |  4 Pagesschool, we have all witnessed bullying. Some cases more severe than others. One well known way is through social network. This is called cyberbullying. Cyberbullying occurs when a minor is targeted in some form-- threatened humiliated, harassed-- by another, and it is not to be confused with cyber-stalking or cyber-harassment, which involves an adult. Not limited to the internet cyberbullying can spread by cell phones or other digital devices (Surdin, 20 09). Cyberbullying has caused many disturbancesRead MorePros And Cons Of Cyberbullying1180 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction â€Å"You are a loser†, â€Å"no one likes you†, â€Å"you have no friends†. Sending mean messages such as these through text, or email, spreading rumors or posting embarrassing pictures, videos, or fake profiles are all examples of cyberbullying. Cyberbullying is bullying that takes place using electronic technology such as cell phones, computers, and tablets as well as communication tools including social media sites, text messages, chat, and websites (U.S. Department of Health and Human ServicesRead MorePersuasive Essay On Cyber Bullying1623 Words   |  7 PagesThe Real Issue Bullying is no longer the big guy making a third grader give him his lunch money. In order to fully comprehend the word cyberbullying, one must understand that the definition goes into more depth than saying, kids are being mean to one another behind a phone/computer screen. With how rapidly our world is evolving, cyberbullying will not simply go away. Since being bullied online follows victims home, they have nowhere to feel safe anymore, and that can lead to obtaining mental,Read MoreCyberbullying : A New Form Of Bullying1203 Words   |  5 PagesEliminating Cyberbullying Bullying has had a well known status for destroying the confidence and esteem of our world’s youth for decades. Recently, a new form of bullying has emerged and has taken over the technological environment. Similar to a student physically bullying another peer, we see victims hurt after an attack over misuse of the Internet. Cyberbullying has been much harder to track than face-to-face bullying. It has also been easier for someone to attack another merciless and guiltlessRead MoreA Brief Note On Cyberbullying And Its Effects On Society1006 Words   |  5 PagesBrandon Hughes Professor Moore English 101 9 March 2016 Cyberbullying Three hundred likes on Instagram. A hundred retweets on Twitter. Ten million views on YouTube. These are some common social media networks in our society used by all ages and sadly valued more than they should be. The growth of technology use in young adults, mostly teenagers, has improved extensively over the past few years resulting in new problems. Nearly 43% of kids have been bullied online. 1 in 4 has had it happen moreRead MoreCyberbullying : A New Concept1666 Words   |  7 PagesBefore cyberbullying began happening, bullying was not a new concept. It was a thing that many children went through for most of their lives if not all of their lives. Ever since the internet has been introduced to the world, it has taken the game of bullying to a completely different level. The internet has given people all around the globe the advantage of putting on a â€Å"mask† and namelessly abhorring on other individuals for their own entertainment. Cyberbullying has negative effects on victimsRead MoreAn Increase in the Worlds Technology Brings and Increase in Cyber Bullying 762 Words   |  4 PagesCyber Bullying The increase in the world of technology comes with a horrific price. According to a non-profit organization for social revision, â€Å"eighty-one percent of adolescents think bullying online is easier to get away with than bullying in person.† (11 Facts About Cyber Bullying). Universally, there is controversy involving stronger laws for cyber bullying. Unfortunately, many individuals live by the motto â€Å"Sticks and stones may break my bones, but words will never hurt me.† People also believeRead MoreAs Of Now There Is No Federal Statute That Is Against Cyberbullying1200 Words   |  5 PagesAs of now there is no federal statute that is against cyberbullying (Strictkland, 2010). In 2009, there was a bill that was introduced to be an add on to the Megan Meier Cyberbullying Prevention Act. The bill states that it would be within violation of the law if an individual were to transmit in interstate or foreign commerce any communication, with the intent to coerce, intimi date, harass, or cause substantial emotional distress to a person, using electronic means to support severe, repeated, and

Liberal Peace Free Essays

Essay Topic: â€Å"The global reach of liberalism will inevitably lead to peace and security for all† what are the grounds for this argument? Answer: Liberalism is a theory of international relations with a view point that human is born good and free. In this question will require a discussion on the Democratic Peace Theory which was emphasised after the Cold War and the fall of the Soviet Union. The main argument was that democratic states tend not to fight other democratic states. We will write a custom essay sample on Liberal Peace or any similar topic only for you Order Now This theory has been associated largely with writings of Michael Doyle and Bruce Russet. Early authors like Immanuel Kant also foreshadowed the theory of peace between liberal democracies in his essay â€Å"Perpetual Peace† written in 1795. The idea that Liberalism will inevitably lead to peace and security was based on the ground that Liberal democracies naturally seek for peace, the spirit of free commerce, the interdependence among states and the principle of Human rights. Liberalism by definition sees human beings as non- violent, born good and seeking to develop ties and as such naturally they are not interested in waging wars. In Kant’s words, peace can be perpetual. War is therefore both unnatural and irrational. According to Doyle wars were created by militaristic and undemocratic government for their own interests. Paine also in his work â€Å"The right of Man† said the war system was contrived to preserve the power. War provides governments with the excuses to raise taxes and expand bureaucratic apparatus and increase their control over the citizens. However according Liberals Democracy will create a zone of peace. If we defined democracy as the government of the people for the people by the people then it will be impossible for citizens who bear the burdens of war to elect a government who will take them to war (Doyle 1967: 1151). Nations like France, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy and Austria are less likely to fight any war among them since they have memories of the damages and massive destructions of the world war one and world war two. Democratic states have much respect for civil rights. If it is wrong for an individual within a state to commit a crime against another individual so does it applies to democratic nations. It is wrong for one democratic nation to wage war against another democratic nation. This idea was also developed in Kant’s rgument about the league of peace or pacific federation (Foedus Pacificum) This idea of peace is based on all human beings which stand in an ethical relationship to one another. For Kant’s â€Å"this league of does not seek any power of sort possessed by any nation, but only the maintenance and security of each nation’s own freedom â€Å". Doyle will later expand on this proposition that liberal states have a unique ability and willingness to es tablish peaceful relations among themselves. The second key assumption of liberalism on which peace and security can be achieved is the practice of free trade among nations. The mercantilist period of history is linked to the rise of the modern nations in Europe. This period could be described as the time which nations were focused narrowly on gaining wealth and discouraging imports. The mercantilist policies included restrictions on import and development of colonial empires. Mercantilist view was that of the Louis XIV’s finance Minister, Jean Baptist Colbert who said â€Å"trade is a source of finance and finance is the vital nerve of war† According Carr â€Å"the aim of mercantilism was not to promote the welfare of the community and its members but to augment the power of the state†. In process of promoting export mercantile nations setup barriers to discourage import and conflicts were often caused. However Kant said unhindered commerce between the people of the world unite them in a common and peaceful enterprise. Later view by Joseph Schumpeter also supports the claim of Kant. According to Schumpeter, capitalism produces an unwarlike disposition; its populace is â€Å"democratised individualised and rationalised† therefore democratic capitalism leads to peace. Over the last 15 years regional trade agreements have become defining features of the modern economy and a powerful force for globalisation. As of July 2007 more than 380 regional trade agreements had been notified to the World Trade Organisation (Crawford and Fiorentino). As the French philosopher Baron of Montesquieu said in 1748 â€Å"peace is a natural effect of commerce† (Humphery’s 2004) increasingly many countries are realising that their interest may best be served by integration with like-minded countries that have similar economies. Regional trade integration can support peace. The believe that trade can foster peace among nations have been seen it real world practice when in December 2004 Israel and Egypt signed a trade protocol with the US designed to accelerate the rapprochement between the two countries. This deal allowed the Egyptian to export freely the US. Another examples of this agreement which seeks promote peace through trade is the regional agreement signed by the Tunisian and the Morocco Governments with the EU this in order to curtail the rise and spread fundamentalism in these two countries. These examples justify the claim by the American radical democrat Paine when he announced that â€Å"if commerce were permitted to act to the universal extent it is capable, it would extirpate the system of war. Closely linked to the idea of Free Trade and commerce as means of achieving peace and security among Liberal nations is the notion of interdependence and liberal institutionalism, no nation in the world can claim absolute independence or dependence. All nations are closely linked to each other and have become interdependent on each other. The evolution of communication, transportation, the invention of deadly weapons such as the nuclear bomb, the contagious nature of economy and the growing demographic pressure on the planets are just few of the factors that explain this interdependence. The formation of regional economic groups such as the European Union, the North American Free Trade Agreement in the Latin America, the ASEAN, in Asia and the African Union were inspired the belief that the likelihood of conflict between states would be reduced by creating a common interest in trade and economic collaboration. Liberal Institutionalism also agrees the interdependence of nations can create a zone of peace which Kant called the Pacific Federation of which is made of more than sixty countries. War according to Kant is less probable to occur between any two nations of this federation this does not mean that pacific nations do not go to war. In the nineteenth century countries like the United States and the Great Britain have continually had misunderstanding and wars but after the reformation of the British Parliament in 1832, Britain and the United States were able to negotiate their disputes without resorting to conflict. Britain and France who were rivals in colonial front were able to form an entente against the illiberal Germany before the World War I. President Woodrow Wilson will late proclaim the reigning peace in message of April 2, 1917: â€Å" Our object now as then, is to vindicate the principles of peace and justice in the life of the world as against selfish and autocratic power and to set up amongst the really free and self-governed people of the world such a concert of purpose and as will henceforth ensure the observance of those principles. † How to cite Liberal Peace, Papers

Brief Description Of The Google Strategy †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Brief Description Of The Google Strategy? Answer: Introducation Google is a well-known search engine in the world, which established in 1998. However, the search result that is derived from the Google is better than any other search engine in this industry (www.google.com 2017).However, Google is not one and only search engine in the world as many other competitors are present but their success rate is limited than Google. Google is a global organization and has maintained their position since 1998 as the largest search engine website. Hence, based on the fabulous performance of Google it has been selected in this study for analysis its competitive strategy. Business Strategy of Google Business strategy is a process that is adopted by the organization to fulfill their goal by increasing their profit (Wheelen and Hunger 2017). However, different organizations select different strategies based on their business nature to gain the competitive advantages and commercial success in the global market. In the context of Google, their strategic choice is associated with their business nature. The intensive growth strategy of Google is one of the most important strategies that help such organization to maintain their position as the valuable brand in the global market. On the other hand, Google uses the generic strategy that allows such organization to get broad market scope by developing the innovative product. Such generic strategy enables Google to make them unique in the competitive market. Google search, Google Glass, Google fiber and the variety of products are the basic elements of the generic strategy of Google that makes them different in the global market. Business model innovation in context of Google Business model innovation is the establishment of the new idea or unique concept to make a service or product of a company more innovative in order to gain competitive advantages (Serrat 2017). There are four components in the business model innovation include target customer, strategy for the organization to fulfill the customer needs, value proposition and revenue generation. However, Google uses business innovation model and identify their target customers that enable them to understand the current demand. Therefore, using market research strategy this organization understands the needs of the customers and based on this they try to meet their customer's needs. Value proposition strategy helps Google to develop innovative products to attract their customers. Next, this model will enable Google to enhance their revenue generation by introducing new innovative products according to the demand of the target customers. Hence, it can be said that application of business innovation mode l is beneficial for Google to gain the competitive advantages in the global market through making the unique product. CAGE framework in context of Google CAGE distance framework is an essential framework that focuses on the cultural, economic, geographic and administrative inequalities between the countries (Rosenberg, Caldart and Seager 2017). However, business organizations are used such framework in order to understand the culture, geographic distance, administrative nature and economic condition of the different countries as based on such differences they operate in various countries and identifies the current market demand. However, Google uses such framework to enhance their market share in different countries based on the differences of culture, economic, administrative and geographic. However, such differences will help such organization to develop the strategy based on the current situation of the market of the different country. Brief description of Samsung Samsung is one of the popular organizations of electronic goods in the international market. This organization operates globally and offer high-quality products with low price (www.samsung.com 2017). The mobile phones of such organization are cheaper than other mobile industries, which lead them to gain competitive advantages in the international market. On the other hand, such organization offers a variety of features in their products that are preferred by a large number of customers in the worldwide. Hence, for the above successful characters, this organization has been selected in this study to analyze its business strategy. Business strategy of Samsung Business strategies are adopted by the different organizations in order to survive in the competitive market and to enhance their sales revenue generation (Leonidou et al. 2017). One of the most important strategies of Samsun is to develop the products that are quite similar to the other organizations, however; these products should have better features that are faster and cheaper than other companies. Such unique strategy of Samsung not only gives them high sales revenue generation but also provides them a large number of customers worldwide, which enhances their customer loyalty. Application of Business model innovation in context of Samsung Target customer, the process of customer satisfaction, value proposition and revenue generation are the vital elements of business model innovation that leads the organization to make the unique product according to their customers' choice (Linder and Williander 2017). Application of business model innovation enables Samsung to select their target market as for example, the age group between 20 to 50 years is the main target market of Samsung. On the other hand, following such model they have incorporated innovative features in their products that satisfy their customers by fulfilling their current needs. Therefore, the value proposition elements allow them to develop the new feature in their product to make it innovative as for example, Samsung offers good quality products at low price. Therefore, this creation in their product development enables them to increase their sales in the market. Application of CAGE framework in Samsung CAGE framework includes the economic, geographic, administrative and cultural differences between the various countries that allow the business organization to operate in the global market according to the demand of the current market of different countries (Beugelsdijk, Nell and Ambos 2017). However, Samsun operates in various countries such as UK, Australia, US and many other countries hence, they need to understand the choice of the customers of such country. However, CAGE framework enables Samsung to innovate new products by developing strategy based on the cultural differences as people from different cultures have different lifestyle and demand. On the other hand, by identifying the administrative requirement, economic condition and geographical distances allow this organization to alter their operation process in order to gain competitive advantages in the global market. References Beugelsdijk, S., Nell, P.C. and Ambos, B., 2017. When Do Distance Effects Become Empirically Observable? An Investigation in the Context of Headquarters Value Creation for Subsidiaries.Journal of International Management, pp.45-123. Leonidou, L.C., Christodoulides, P., Kyrgidou, L.P. and Palihawadana, D., 2017. IntAnswer:Linder, M. and Williander, M., 2017. Circular business model innovation: inherent uncertainties.Business Strategy and the Environment,26(2), pp.182-196. Rosenberg, M., Caldart, A. and Seager, P.H., 2017. Strategy: The Soul of Your Business. InManaging Media Businesses, pp. 15-35. Serrat, O., 2017. Business model innovation. InKnowledge Solutions(pp. 499-507). Springer Singapore. Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger, J.D., 2017.Strategic management and business policy. pearson. www.google.com. 2017.Google. [online] Available at: https://www.google.com/intl/en/about/ [Accessed 26 Aug. 2017]. www.samsung.com. 2017.Samsung. [online] Available at: https://www.samsung.com/in/smartphones/all-smartphones/ [Accessed 26 Aug. 2017].

Views on Freackonomics by S.Levitt and S.Dubner

Crime has been a global concern for most countries all over the world. In their influential article titled Freackonomics, Levitt and Dubner give a vivid account of the prevalence of crime in the United States. They stated that crime had been growing persistently in all U.S. cities over recent years and appeared to be a precursor to the demise of the world we knew.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Views on Freackonomics by S.Levitt and S.Dubner specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Murder, drug peddling, rape and robbery had become widespread in all cities and extensively covered by the media in the United States (3). Majority of experts in criminology predicted that crime rate would rise steadily to astonishing figures. For instance, in mid 1990s, James Fox, an expert in criminology, predicted the impending rise in murders by youngsters. He suggested an optimistic and pessimistic state of affairs. On the for mer stance; Fox predicted that the rate of crime committed by teenagers would increase by 14.9% in the next ten years. His pessimistic outlook suggested that the crime rate would rise to more than 30% by 2005. The same pattern of prediction was upheld by several experts in criminology and political scientist. Bill Clinton, the former U.S. president pointed out this gloomy picture when he stated that juvenile delinquency would be among the top priorities to be addressed by future administrations (Levitt Dubner 4). However, against all odds, the crime rate started to drop. The demise was astonishing in a number of aspects. All states recorded significant drop in crime rates. The slump in crime rate was constant and decreased at an increasing rate in successive years. Yet, the drop was totally unexpected, more so by the same specialists who had forecasted the opposite. The degree of the turnaround was shocking. The teen murder rate declined by over 49.9% in less than six years, in con trary to what Fox had predicted- a 14.9% rise in crime rate. By the turn of the new millennium, the aggregate murder rate in the U.S. had decreased to its lowest figures in 35 years. A similar pattern was also observed in other forms of crime, such as car burglary and assault (Levitt Dubner 4). The sudden drop in crime rate prompted several criminologists to propose theories to explain the phenomenon. Some claimed that the booming economy in 1990s contributed to the abrupt turnaround in crime rates. Others claimed that the introduction of numerous gun control regulations reduced the number of guns in the market.Advertising Looking for critical writing on political culture? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The introduction of effective policing programs in New York City that reduced incidences of murder from 2444 in 1900s to a low of 595 in 2002 was also cited as a probable reason. These reasons sounded rational because they cr edited the drop in crime levels to human intervention strategies. For example, the introduction of laws on gun control was identified as one of the reason for the decline in crime rate (Levitt Dubner 5). However, these theories were not necessarily accurate. In chapter four, Levitt and Dubner draw an analogy between the account of abortion in Romania and the escalating crime rates in the U.S in 1990s. The two writers suggest that, in one way, the Romanian abortion narrative presents an opposite picture of the crime rates in the United States. However, the convergent point of the two phenomena occurred on December 25th, 1989, when Ceausescu was shot in the head for outlawing abortion. On the same day, crime in the U.S. had reached unprecedented levels. When crime rates started to drop all of a sudden and rapidly, everybody was stunned because it went against all rational expectations (Levitt Dubner 119). The abrupt drop in crime left criminologists with one disturbing question: why did the crime drop so suddenly? The same experts rushed to propose several reasons to explain the abrupt drop. Some of the reasons suggested included: creative policing tactics; an ageing population; over-reliance on penitentiary facilities; decline in crack and heroin sell; economic growth; robust arms control regulations; an increased police force; and other remedial measures such as gun buybacks and capital sentences (Levitt Dubner 121). The reasons suggested above however do not explain adequately why the crime levels fell suddenly. For example, the rapid economic growth in1990 was listed as one of the reason because it created more employment opportunities for the youth. However, this theory was not entirely correct. It is a fact that a thriving economy may render some crimes obsolete. However, this is true for those crimes that are correlated financial aspect, such as automobile theft, robbery and mugging, in contrast to non-financially related crimes such as rape, homicide and murder. A number of studies done indicate that a rise by one percent in employment levels reduced no-violent crime by the same margin. From 1990 to 2000, the rate of employment in the U.S. rose by over 1.9%. Consequently, passive crime fell by over 39.8% during the same period. However, the major fault in this theory is related to violent crime that reduced at a bigger magnitude than any other type of crime (Levitt Dubner 122). Thus, the link between economic growth and declining crime rate was rebuffed.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Views on Freackonomics by S.Levitt and S.Dubner specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According some studies, abortion was identified as the main reason for the escalation of crime in most parts of the US. When Nicolae Ceausescu banned abortion in mid 1960s, all children born after the law was enacted were likely to engage in criminal activities than those born prior to the ban. Similar research done in Scandinavia and parts of Europe between 1930 and 1960 support this viewpoint. Research experts unraveled that when abortion was forbidden in these countries; women usually ended up resenting their children and refused to nurture them properly. Eve when some socio-economic factors such as age, income, healthcare and education of the women were held constant, the researchers discovered that the affected children would still turn into juvenile delinquency (Levitt Dubner 136). Thus, according to the findings above, it seems the only solution to sprawling crime rate was the legalization of abortion. For example, when abortion was legalize in the US, actual birth rates dropped by over 5.9%. Also, the number of children under foster care decreased rapidly. Thus the legalization of abortion reduced the number of children unwanted by their mothers (Levitt Dubner 139.). As this number fell, the likelihood of juvenile delinquency dropped significantly which in turn reduces crime rate Work Cited Levitt, Steven Dubner, Stephen. â€Å"The Hidden Side of Everything†, Freackonomics, (2005): 1-144 This critical writing on Views on Freackonomics by S.Levitt and S.Dubner was written and submitted by user Pastel Donkey to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Best AP US Government Review 5-Step Guide

The Best AP US Government Review 5-Step Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips AP US Government can be a fascinating class for those interested in how the American political system works and what factors led to its formation. While the exam is less difficult than many other APs, it's still important to understand the types of questions you can expect and the most efficient ways to study based on the content. In this article, I'll go through sample questions from each part of the exam, list a step-by-step AP Government review process, and provide some tips for making the most of your studying. What’s the Format of the AP US Government Exam? The exam is two hours and twenty-five minutes long, and, like other AP tests, it includes multiple-choice and free-response sections.The multiple-choice section is 45 minutes long and contains 60 questions.You’ll earn one point for each question you answer correctly; there are no points deducted for incorrect answers or questions you leave blank.The free-response section is 100 minutes long and contains four questions.Each question in the free-response section is worth the same percentage of your score, although they typically have different numbers of raw points possible. What Do Questions Look Like on the AP US Government Exam? In this section, I’ll provide official examples of questions from each section of the test.The multiple-choice example is from the course guidelines, and the free-response example is a released question from the 2015 AP test. Multiple Choice Question Example EXCEPT questions are common on the AP US Government exam.It’s critical to read these questions carefully so that you don’t end up getting confused and looking for the wrong answer.In this case, we are looking for the one response that doesn’t represent a concern about the flaws of the Articles of Confederation.We need to eliminate the responses that were legitimate reasons for modifying the Articles of Confederation. The main issue with the Articles of Confederation was that they created a wimpy central government that didn’t have enough power to regulate conflicts between the states.We can eliminate any answers that talk about problems with weaknesses of the central government.That means B, D, and E should all be crossed out, leaving us with A and C as potential answers. Choice C, the desire to promote trade among the states, is connected to the problems with a lack of centralized power.Since the states were so autonomous, trade barriers were being set up that stifled the economy and divided the country too drastically.The federal government needed to be strengthened so that it could prevent these sorts of barriers from being thrown up and creating divisions and rivalries that damaged the country’s economy as a whole.This means that choice C can also be eliminated. Choice A, the only answer left, is the one we want.Although there was ultimately dissatisfaction over safeguards of individual rights and liberties which led to the creation of the Bill of Rights, this did not come to fruition until a couple of years later; it wasn’t a direct impetus for the convention. Free This question requires an understanding of presidential election policies and procedures.You could earn one point in part A for describing a reason why the electoral college was instituted by the framers of the constitution.Potential answers include: It provides for a compromise between small and large states in the election process. It protects against direct election by poorly informed citizens (caters to elites). The framers did not trust the people, Congress, or state legislatures to elect the president on their own. The electoral college reinforces federalism and gives states a role in presidential selection. For part B (also worth one point), you have to explain the message the cartoon sends regarding presidential elections.You might say that it points out that candidates mainly focus on battleground or swing states while placing much less emphasis on most other states.Alternatively, you could simply say that the cartoon indicates that most states are ignored by presidential candidates in the election process. For part C (again, worth one point), you would need to explain why California, Texas, and New York are not emphasized in the cartoon despite being assigned tons of electoral votes.You could say that all those states are very heavily controlled by one party or the other, so campaigning there will only help a candidate so much.Their voting patterns are essentially predetermined. The fate of the election is typically decided in smaller but more evenly divided states. For part D, worth two points, you just need to describe two campaign tactics used in swing states during presidential elections.Possible answers include: Concentrating campaign funds in those states Putting out more TV ads and media coverage in those states Having larger campaign organizations stationed in those states Making more campaign appearances in those states Focusing on issues that swing voters in those states care about Selecting a running mate who hails from one of the swing states You could earn a potential total of five raw points for this question, which is a typical number of points for most AP US Government free-response questions.On the 2015 exam, the first three free-response questions were worth five points each, and the last question was worth seven points.Keep in mind that each question has the same influence on your final score regardless of its raw point value.That means there’s no reason to prioritize one question over another; just start with whichever question seems easiest to you. Which Topics Does the AP US Government Exam Cover? There are six major topics covered by the exam.Here’s a chart detailing how often you’ll see each of them in the multiple-choice section: Topic Area Percentage of Questions Constitutional Underpinnings of US Government 5-15% Political Beliefs and Behaviors 10-20% Political Parties, Interest Groups, and Mass Media 10-20% Institutions of National Government: The Congress, the Presidency, the Bureaucracy, and the Federal Courts 35-45% Public Policy 5-15% Civil Rights and Civil Liberties 5-15% How to Review for AP US Government It can be hard to know where to start with your AP Gov review - I'll walk you through five steps to get you readyfor the exam. Step 1: Take a Practice Test The first step in your review should be to take a real practice exam.You need to do this before you dive into studying so you can focus on the areas that need the most work rather than reading over the material indiscriminately.As I mentioned in the previous section, you should also be sure totime yourself accurately on this practice test. When you’re done, score the test (one point for each multiple-choice question, consult specific scoring guidelines for free-response questions), and use this calculator to convert your raw score into an approximate AP score.This should give you some insight into how much time you’ll need to spend studying if you want to reach your goals. The AP US Government exam is known as one of the easier AP tests, so I'd suggest that you aim for a 5 unless you're really struggling with the material. Step 2: Look Back at Your Mistakes When you’ve finished scoring the test, review your mistakes to see which topics need to be addressed in your studying.Categorize incorrect answers by topic area and/or skill set.If you find that you had a lot of trouble with questions that asked about the judiciary, you would want to focus on that content in your review sessions. You can also consider the types of question formats that tripped you up most frequently.For example, if you noticed that you did especially poorly on EXCEPT questions, you might conclude that you need to practice slowing down and paying more attention to the wording of questions on the test. Step 3: Study Whatever You Forgot Now, you can dive back into your notesand study any content that was problematic for you on the practice test.If you don’t have many issues with content and are struggling more with the test format or careless mistakes, you can just do a short review of any small tidbits you missed and then move onto the next step. Step 4: Do Selective Practice Questions This step is important if you struggled with â€Å"EXCEPT† questions or most of your mistakes came from careless misunderstandings of the questions.Practicesimilar questions so that you’re more used to the types of wording and formats you’ll see on the exam.You can find tons of practice questions available on different websites and in review books (I’ll eventually be writing another article that lists all of these resources for you). Step 5: Take a Second Practice Test to Measure Your Progress When you’re satisfied that you have a better handle on all the issues that plagued you on the first practice test, you should take another test to see if you’ve made real progress.Again, time the test accurately, and take it in a quiet, distraction-free environment.If you find that your scores have improved, you can either decide that you’re satisfied or shoot for even more improvement by going through this process again.If you don’t see much improvement, you should backtrack and reexamine your study process.It may be that you were reading over your notes without really absorbing them or you didn’t do enough practice questions to get the hang of the test. Here’s an approximate timeline for the completion of all five of these steps: Step 1: 3 hoursStep 2: 1 hourStep 3: 2 hoursStep 4: 2 hoursStep 5: 3 hours Total Time: 11 hours When you finish studying for the AP test, the unofficial step 6 is convincing your teacher to let you watch House of Cards in class for the remainder of the year. 3 Study Tips for AP US Government Finally, here are a few essential study tips to keep you on track during your AP Government review. Tip #1: Prioritize Institutions of National Government As you can see from the chart in the previous section, "Institutions of National Government" is the most prominent single content area on the test.Congress and the Presidency, in particular, are hot topics that make up around 30 percent of questions. You should be familiar with the powers of these institutions, their compositions, the election processes associated with them, their origins, and how they’ve changed over time.It’s critical to have this knowledge as a foundation so that all the other information you’ve learned makes sense and can be tied back to the central structure of the US political system. Tip #2: Know Your Key Terms AP US Government is heavy on understanding terminology in context and identifying correct definitions on both sections of the test. It’s a great idea to make some flashcards to get yourself up to speed with all the fancy words that are used to describe stuff related to the government. Most review books and textbooks will have lists of key vocabulary that you can reference when creating flashcards.Be able to identify each term by its corresponding definition and state the definition when you're presented with a key term. Tip #3: Authentic Practice Resources Are Important There’s no foolproof substitute for official AP practice questions when reviewing for this test.Although it’s fine to use some unofficial sources (and, in fact, you probably have to if you hope to get in enough practice), you need to mix in at least some official AP questions to make sure you’re ready for the exam.Take at least one or two full official practice tests in your studying so you can get an accurate prediction of how you would perform on the real test. You should also time yourself to the specifications of the real AP test when taking official practice tests.This will help you to detect any issues with time management and develop skills in pacing that are necessary on the AP test.Note that you have less than a minute for each multiple choice question on this test (60 questions in 45 minutes), so you’ll have to keep yourself moving forward constantly to ensure that you make it to the end of the section. Don't get stuck in traffic when you come across hard questions. Either take your best guess or skip it on the first run through and come back to it later. Make sure you glare at the question as you zoom past. It knows what it did. Key Points for AP Government Review The AP US Government exam is one of the shorter AP tests, but it still covers a wide range of topics and includes some confusing question types that you should become familiar with before test day. Here's a recap of the steps you should take to get the most out of your review process: Step 1: Take a Practice Test Step 2: Look Back at Your Mistakes Step 3: Study What You Missed Step 4: Do Selective Practice Questions Step 5: Take Another Practice Test You can repeat these steps as necessary until you're satisfied with your scores. In your studying, focus on learning the ins and outs of institutions of national government and memorizing the definitions of key terms. You should also be sure to practice your skills using real AP questions from the College Board. Above all, don't be intimidated by this test. You're almost certainly capable of earning a 5 if you start studying well in advance! What's Next? To get your studying started, here's an article detailing how to find the best AP practice exams. Want even more advice on how to do well on your AP exams? Check out these six critical tips for success on any AP test. If your school doesn't offer an AP class that interests you, you might consider going rogue and taking the test anyways. Learn how you canself-study for an AP exam and end up with a great score. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Discuss the view that businesses exist to make profits and that we Essay

Discuss the view that businesses exist to make profits and that we should not expect them to take on social responsibilities.( SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF BUSINESS - Essay Example According to Waddock, Corporate management can not avoid corporate social responsibility, as it is the basis for the formation of Corporate Citizenship / Waddock, 2005/ The Committee for Economic Development suggested one more definition of CSR, which is based on â€Å"three concentric circles† approach. In this approach the inner circle is composed of primary economic functions like economic development, company production and jobs offered. The next, intermediate, circle states the necessity for awareness of modification of social values in the process of goods production. Finally the third, outer, circle includes new and therefore still vague responsibilities, which are important for the company seeking to improve social environment / Committee of Economic Development, 1971/. However, the attitude to corporate social responsibility is not such simple. Some experts are quite inspired by the concern of the companies and their desire to make contributions to the society. Their opponents consider that the primary task of any business is to make money not to make the world better. It is not new that companies benefit from being socially responsible. It should be noticed that different companies experience different kinds and different levels of benefits from their CSR policies. This depends greatly on the nature of the business itself, on the country, where the company operates. Besides, it is quite difficult to measure the extend of the benefit from CSR. The question of the benefit to the companies from being socially responsible was one of the primary ones since the introduction of the practice of social responsibility policy. There exist a number of literature investigations focusing on the influence of the corporate social responsibility policy on the performance of the company of the market. Among the best-known